If You're New to Boating, What Do You Need to Know about Trailer Brakes?
If you intend to tow a heavy boat on a trailer, that trailer must be equipped with a fully capable and competent braking system. Several different setup types are used, and you will need to be familiar with what you're dealing with. You'll also want to pay close attention to maintenance, which is especially important given the nature of what you are towing. So, what do you need to be aware of going forward?
How Trailer Braking Systems Work
Trailer braking systems can typically be divided into two separate categories. You may have a system that is connected to the brake pedal in your towing vehicle and is electrically operated. When you apply the brakes, the system will detect the rate of deceleration and send a current through to your trailer brakes to energise a magnet. This system will automatically adjust the movement of the trailer brakes to the movement of the brake pedal.
Alternatively, your trailer may have a surge coupler mounted near the towbar. Inside will be a hydraulic master cylinder, and when you apply the brakes, the plunger will automatically surge, applying pressure to the master cylinder mounted next to each wheel.
Drum Brakes
Typically, drum brakes will be fitted to the trailer, and these will usually feature a single piston on each side. The drum brakes can be used with surge and electric mechanisms, but a different setup will be required, and you cannot mix and match. In other words, you cannot use replacement parts that are designed for a hydraulic system on an electrically operated setup.
What to Look out for
You will need to regularly check your trailer brakes' condition, as the wheels will spend some of their time immersed in saltwater. In particular, look closely at the brake fluid and inspect this for signs of water contamination, unwanted sediment and rust. Look at the drums, shoes and return springs for more evidence of corrosion, and check to see that everything moves without restriction. If it doesn't, you will need to replace the relevant parts.
Additional Attention to Electric Brakes
If your trailer does have an electrically activated brake system, pay even closer attention. While the installation will have been designed to take into account the presence of water, you will still need to check the electrical connectors, magnets and inbuilt battery during a scheduled service.
Scheduling Your Service Visit
Get into the habit of scheduling a service visit for your trailer at the same time as you make an appointment for your towing vehicle. If you do this, you should run into fewer problems and less disruption to your new boating activity.